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Table of contents
PREFACE
SUMMARY
DANSK SAMMENDRAG
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 OBJECTIVE 1
1.2 STRUCTURE OF THE PLAP 2
2 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT TYLSTRUP 5
2.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 5
- 2.1.1 Site description and monitoring design 5
- 2.1.2 Agricultural management 6
- 2.1.3 Model set-up and calibration 6
2.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 7
- 2.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances 7
- 2.2.2 Bromide leaching 9
- 2.2.3 Pesticide leaching 11
3 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT JYNDEVAD 17
3.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 17
- 3.1.1 Site description and monitoring design 17
- 3.1.2 Agricultural management 17
- 3.1.3 Model set-up and calibration 19
3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 19
- 3.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances 19
- 3.2.2 Bromide leaching 21
- 3.2.3 Pesticide leaching 23
4 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT SILSTRUP 29
4.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 29
- 4.1.1 Site description and monitoring design 29
- 4.1.2 Agricultural management 29
- 4.1.3 Model set-up and calibration 31
4.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 31
- 4.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances 31
- 4.2.2 Bromide leaching 33
- 4.2.3 Pesticide leaching 36
5 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT ESTRUP 43
5.1 MATERIAL AND METHODS 43
- 5.1.1 Site description and monitoring design 43
- 5.1.2 Agricultural management 43
- 5.1.3 Model set-up and calibration 44
5.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 45
- 5.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances 45
- 5.2.2 Bromide leaching 47
- 5.2.3 Pesticide leaching 48
6 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT FAARDRUP 59
6.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 59
- 6.1.1 Site description and monitoring design 59
- 6.1.2 Agricultural management 62
- 6.1.3 Model set-up and calibration 62
6.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 63
- 6.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances 63
- 6.2.2 Bromide leaching 65
- 6.2.3 Pesticide leaching 67
7 PESTICIDE ANALYSIS QUALITY ASSURANCE 75
7.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 75
- 7.1.1 Internal 75
- 7.1.2 External QA 75 7.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 76
- 7.2.1 Internal 76
- 7.2.2 External QA 78
7.3 SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS 79
8 SUMMARY OF MONITORING RESULTS 81
9 REFERENCES 89
| Summary In 1998, the Danish Parliament initiated the Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme (PLAP), an intensive monitoring programme aimed at evaluating the leaching risk of pesticides under field conditions. The objective of the PLAP is to improve the scientific foundation for decision-making in the Danish registration procedures for pesticides. The specific aim is to analyse whether pesticides applied in accordance with current regulations leach to groundwater in unacceptable concentrations. The programme presently evaluates the leaching risk of 36 pesticides applied at five agricultural sites ranging in size from 1.1 to 2.4 ha. The results so far show that:
- Of the 36 pesticides applied, eight (clopyralid, desmedipham, linuron, florasulam metsulfuron-methyl, thiamethoxam, triazinamin-methyl and triasulfuron) did not leach during the current monitoring period.
- The monitoring data indicate pronounced leaching of 10 of the applied pesticides and three of their degradation products. Thus ethofumesate, bentazone, propyzamide, glyphosate and its degradation product AMPA, metamitron and its degradation product metamitron-desamino, azoxystrobin and its degradation product CyPM, as well as the degradation products of metribuzine, terbutylazine, pirimicarb and rimsulfuron, leached through the root zone to 1 m below ground surface (hereafter m b.g.s.) in average concentrations exceeding 0.1 µg/l. Except for the degradation products of metribuzine, rimsulfuron and terbutylazine, leaching was mainly confined to the depth of 1 m, where pesticides were frequently detected in the samples from suction cups and drainage systems.
- The monitoring data also indicate leaching of an additional 18 pesticides, in low concentrations, however. Thus, although the concentrations exceeded 0.1 µg/l in several samples, the average leaching concentrations at 1 m b.g.s. did not.
The PLAP initially evaluated the leaching risk at six agricultural sites representing a range of Danish soil and climate conditions. Monitoring at the Slaeggerup site was terminated on 1 July 2003, and results from that site are not included in the present report. For the monitoring results from this site see Kjær et al. (2004). Pesticides were always applied in the maximum permitted dose. In order to describe water transport a bromide tracer was applied to the fields. Bromide and pesticide concentrations are measured monthly in both the unsaturated and the saturated zones, and weekly in the drainage water. This report covers the period May 1999–June 2007 and presents the monitoring results from the five agricultural sites presently monitored. The main focus is on evaluating the leaching risk of the pesticides applied during 2005.
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